Self-harm is a term used to illustrate conscious action (s) of inflicting physical injury on self which can involve actions such as self-poisoning or self-cutting irrespective of the level of suicidal intention (Hawton et al., 1999). However, researchers argue that deliberate self-harm is done by the victims involved without a conscious intention of committing suicide…

Children and young people transition from primary to secondary school yearly after summer break, they have to adapt to many changes both personal, environmental and social context including adapting to more impersonal environment, larger buildings, many teachers, larger number of peers including older peers compared to primary school (Van Rens, 2017). According to Department of…

Introduction Social norms refer to a set rules that governs a group of people’s attitude, behaviour and regularities which makes the group different from other social groups (Mcdonald & Crandell, 2015), while Conformity is the act of matching one’s views, attitude and behaviours to those of the majority, even if if the majority response contradicts…

Emotion is defined as the condition of physiological arousal as well as the cognition suitable to the state of arousal (Schachter and Singer, 1992), whereas cognition refers to both conscious and unconscious mental processes which includes memory, perception, attention, problem solving and so on. Research and theory on emotion and cognition in psychology, psychotherapy and…

Memory is an essential mental capacity necessary for leading a meaningful life (Bauer & Fivush, 2014; 2013). Possessing a competent memory is very essential in childhood as children are exposed to a great deal of new information which they are required to learn about, retain and recall when need be, as memory capacity is regularly…

Attachment relationship is defined as a sustaining emotional bond between a child and a primary care giver (also known as the main attachment figure) with whom the child uses as a safe base to explore his or her environment (Ainsworth, 1989). Attachment has been defined in several ways by various researchers, but the most common…

Some years ago, I had to work with a child with behavioural problems in one primary school. He could actually turn the whole school upside down if he wanted to. He didn’t like to stay in class, so there was alot of work that needed to be done on this young man 😊! But he…

Social norms refer to a set rules that governs a group of people’s attitude, behaviour and regularities which makes the group different from other social groups (Mcdonald & Crandell, 2015), while Conformity is the act of matching one’s views, attitude and behaviours to those of the majority, even if if the majority response contradicts one’s…